| 3,038 | 6 | 5 |
| 下载次数 | 被引频次 | 阅读次数 |
隐私的概念之争由来已久，隐私的定义与社会环境、不同的个体、文化等息息相关，极其复杂和模糊，使其不仅仅在理论上还在实践方面产生诸多分歧，造成当前的“隐私”困境。本文通过对隐私概念的演变阶段和性质的梳理，认为隐私在本质上是有争议的。从分析人工智能技术的应用与隐私之间的关系，以及企业在实践上存在的隐私忧患，提出规范隐私概念是减缓当今“隐私”困境的关键途径，并给出一些可供参考的规范隐私概念的方法。
Abstract：The debate on the concept of privacy has been going on for a long time. The definition of privacy is closely related to social environments, different individuals and cultures, etc. It is extremely complex and vague and results in many theoretical and practical discrepancies, causing the current predicament of “privacy”. Through an analysis of the development and nature of the concept of privacy, this paper points out that privacy is controversial in nature. From the analysis of the relationship between the applications and privacy in artificial intelligence technology, as well as the privacy risks existing in the practice of enterprises, this paper proposes that standardizing the concept of privacy is the key way to alleviate the current “privacy” dilemma. Some suggestions are given for standardizing the concept of privacy.
[1] [古希腊]亚里士多德.政治学[M].吴寿彭，译.北京：商务印书馆，2009:3-42.
[2] Warren S D,Brandeis L D.The Right to Privacy[J].Harvard Law Review,1890,4(5):193-220.
[3] Reiman J H.Driving to the Panopticon:A Philosophical Exploration of the Risks to Privacy Posed by the Highway Technology of the Future[J].Santa Clara Computer & High Technology Law Journal,1995,11(1):27-44.
[4] Gavison R.Privacy and the Limits of Law[J].The Yale Law Journal,1980,89(3):421-471.
[5] Moore A D.Defining Privacy[J].Journal of Social Philosophy,2008,39(3):411-428.
[6] Solove D J.Understanding Privacy[M].Cambridge:Harvard University Press,2008.
[7] Hlávka J P.Security,Privacy,and Information-sharing Aspects of Healthcare Artificial Intelligence[C]// Bohr A,Memarzadeh K.(eds.)Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare.London:Academic Press,2020:235-270.
[8] Miller A.The Assault on Privacy:Computers,Data Banks and Dossiers[M].Ann Arbor:The University of Michigan Press,1971.
[9] Cohen J E.What Privacy is For[J].Harvard Law Review,2013,126(7):1904-1933.
[10] Thomas K.Beyond the Privacy Principle[J].Columbia Law Review,1992,92(6):1431-1516.
[11] Post R C.Three Concepts of Privacy[J].Georgetown Law Journal,2000,89(6):2087-2098.
[12] Francis L P,Francis J G.Privacy:What Everyone Needs to Know [M].Oxford University Press,2017.
[13] Hall E T.The Silent Language[M].Garden City,New York:Doubleday & Company,INC.,1959.
[14] Moore A D.Privacy:Its Meaning and Value[J].American Philosophical Quarterly,2003,40(3):215-227.
[15] Gallie W B.Essentially Contested Concepts[J].Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society,1956,56:167-198.
[16] Mulligan D K,Koopman C,Doty N.Privacy Is an Essentially Contested Concept:a Multi-Dimensional Analytic for Mapping Privacy[J].Philosophical Transactions Mathematical Physical & Engineering Sciences,2016,374(2083):1-17.
[17] Graver E.Essentially Contested Concepts:the Ethics and Tactics of Argument[J].Philosophy & Rhetoric,1990,23(4):251-270.
[18] Parent W A.A New Definition of Privacy for the Law[J].Law and Philosophy,1983,2(3):305-338.
[19] Priyadarshini I.Cyber security risks in robotics[C]// Information Resources Management Association.(ed.) Cyber Security and Threats:Concepts,Methodologies,Tools,and Applications.IGI Global,2018:1235-1250.
[20] Calo R.Peeping HALs:Making Sense of Artificial Intelligence and Privacy[J].European Journal of Legal Studies,2010,2(3):168-192.
[21] Posner R A.Privacy,Secrecy,and Reputation[J].Buffalo Law Review,1979,28:1-56.
[22] 张小龙实锤了!偷信息的最大嫌疑人是输入法.[EB/OL].[2021-01-20](2021-01-23).https://user.guancha.cn/main/content?id=450868&s=fwzxhfbt.
[23] 输入法会窥探隐私吗?实测5款主流输入法4款可收集上传内容 [EB/OL].[2021-01-23](2021-01-25).https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/2021-01-23/doc-ikftpnny0894716.shtml.
[24] Vedantam S.Do You Read Terms of Service Contracts?Not Many Do,Research Shows[EB/OL].[2016-08-23](2021-01-24).https://www.npr.org/2016/08/23/491024846/do-you-read-terms-of-service-contracts-not-many-do-research-shows.
[25] Landau S.Control Use of Data to Protect Privacy[J].Science,2015,347(6221):504-506.
[26] Floridi L.Translating Principles into Practices of Digital Ethics:Five Risks of Being Unethical[J].Philosophy & Technology,2019,32(2):185-193.
[27] Cohen J E.Configuring the Networked Citizen[C]// Sarat A,Douglas L,Umphrey M.(eds.) Imagining New Legalities:Privacy and Its Possibilities in the 21st Century.Stanford,CA:Stanford University Press,2012:129-153.
[28] Epstein R A .The Legal Regulation of Genetic Discrimination:Old Responses to New Technology[J].Boston University Law Review,1994,74(1):1-23.
[29] 王娟，叶斌.“负责任”的算法透明度——人工智能时代传媒伦理建构的趋向[J].自然辩证法研究，2020,36(12):66-72.
[30] 郑志峰.人工智能时代的隐私保护[J].法律科学(西北政法大学学报),2019,37(2):51-60.
[31] Sirota D.Beyond the Privacy Fine Print:Making Privacy More Transparent[EB/OL].[2017-05-10](2021-01-28).https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/294068.
基本信息:
DOI：10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2022.04.003
中图分类号:N031;TP18
引用信息:
[1]孙晓宇,叶斌.人工智能“隐私”概念的困境[J].自然辩证法研究,2022,38(04):61-66.DOI:10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2022.04.003.
基金信息:
中国科学技术大学新文科基金项目“人工智能的基础哲学理论研究”(YD2110002012)