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消去式唯物论作为一种激进的科学实在论立场，主张抛弃常识心理学，最终由神经科学取而代之。然而，神经科学广泛使用的“神经表征”概念由于难以被自然化也不能轻易得到实在论的解释，为了继续保留“神经表征”的使用，关于神经表征的虚构论立场被提出。虚构论将“神经表征”看作神经科学家为了便于建构模型而在想象活动中使用的概念，该立场试图调和实在论与消去论之间的矛盾，但仍然摆脱不掉对“表征”概念的自然化问题。实际上，不管是像消去式唯物论那样抛弃个人水平的常识心理表征，还是采用虚构论态度对待亚个人水平的神经表征，均不可取，神经科学是在对认知神经状态的科学建模实践中与常识心理学既相互协作又相互约束而联合进步的。
Abstract：As a radical scientific realism stance, eliminative materialism suggests that common-sense psychology should be abandoned and replaced by neuroscience. However, the widely used concept of “neural representation” in neuroscience is so difficult to be naturalized that it is also facing the challenge of anti-realism. In order to preserve this concept, there emerges a new stance towards neural representation named fictionalism. Attempting to reconcile the contradiction between realism and eliminativism, fictionalism treats “neural representation” as a useful concept in neuroscientists' imagination for their modeling practice, but still cannot get rid of the task of naturalizing “representation”. In fact, neither adopting eliminative materialism to abandon the personal level common-sense psychological representation nor taking a fictionalist attitude towards sub-personal neural representation is acceptable.Neuroscience is progressing by mutual cooperation and restriction with common-sense psychology in the scientific modeling practice on cognitive neural states.
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基本信息:
DOI：10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2026.05.004
中图分类号:N02
引用信息:
[1]孙玉涵.从消去式唯物论到神经表征虚构论[J].自然辩证法研究,2026,42(05):34-41.DOI:10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2026.05.004.
基金信息:
国家社会科学基金青年项目“基于测量实践的科学表征问题研究”（23CZX063）
2025-10-16
2025
2025-12-04
2026-01-19
2026
1
2026-05-18
2026-05-18