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2024, 01, v.40 80-86
脑机接口能动性的伦理挑战——基于道德运气的视角
基金项目(Foundation): 中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(YD2110002004); 国家社会科学基金一般项目“脑机融合的社会风险及其伦理规制”(23BZX111)
邮箱(Email):
DOI: 10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2024.01.005
摘要:

脑机接口介导的行为可以被视为超越身体的非具身性质的感知行动过程,该过程因其能将思想转化为行动的能力而与普通人相比似乎承担更多的责备与惩罚,而这仅仅出于其无法控制的因素,因而据此引入道德运气理论。研究发现,已有关于脑机接口和道德运气问题的研究更侧重意向性的探讨,忽视了可控性视角下技术隐含的内在出错机制,而控制与意向性作为能动性的双重视角,对于考察脑机接口加持下的“人工身体”所附有的独特道德运气问题提供了新视角。

Abstract:

Brain-computer interface-mediated behavior can be viewed as a non-embodied process of perceptual action that transcends the body, a process that seems to bear more blame and punishment than ordinary human beings due to its ability to translate thoughts into actions, but only because of its uncontrollable factors, thus introducing the theory of moral luck. It is found that existing research on brain-computer interfaces and moral luck focuses more on intentionality, ignoring the inherent error mechanisms implied by the technology from the perspective of controllability, whereas control and intentionality, as dual perspectives on mobility, provide new perspectives for examining the distinctive moral luck issues attached to brain-computer interfaces-enabled “artificial bodies”.

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(1)2021年9月22日米勒与本文作者电邮。

(2)道德运气一般认为有四种:生成运气、环境运气、原因运气和结果运气,本文仅针对特定技术存在的道德运气问题展开分析,为论述清晰,暂不考虑其他三种运气的影响,因而本文主要针对结果运气展开论述。

(3)例如,普通人和基于BCI的“人工身体”想象拿起奖杯的心理事件在大脑活动之间可能存在微妙的不同,普通主体可能会努力“获得”奖杯,而BCI主体可能会立即实施行动“拿”奖杯。参见[7]。

(4)当Mary的丈夫承认有外遇时,她突然萌生“我想用那把刀刺他”的想法,在她做出反应之前,Mary发现她的机械手臂已经刺死了丈夫。参见[23]。

(5)https://www.teslarati.com/tesla-model-s-driver-using-autopilot-killed-crash-tractor-trailer/.

(6)丹尼尔·米勒(Daniel J.Miller)教授就此方面展开了详细而精致的讨论,本文仅做简要分析引用。参见[3]。

基本信息:

DOI:10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2024.01.005

中图分类号:R318;TN911.7;B82-057

引用信息:

[1]张志领,王高峰.脑机接口能动性的伦理挑战——基于道德运气的视角[J].自然辩证法研究,2024,40(01):80-86.DOI:10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2024.01.005.

基金信息:

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助(YD2110002004); 国家社会科学基金一般项目“脑机融合的社会风险及其伦理规制”(23BZX111)

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