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亚里士多德关于“实体”的论述，主要见于《范畴篇》与《形而上学》Ζ卷，两者立场虽有不同，却一脉相承。在《范畴篇》中，首要实体是作为终极主体的个别物；而在《形而上学》Ζ卷中，则是作为事物本质的“形式”。亚里士多德在《范畴篇》中以“主体性”与“独立性”两项标准确立个别物为首要实体，至《形而上学》Ζ卷，虽不再坚持个别物为首要实体，却继承了这两个标准，并给予新的解释，最终确定实体形式为首要实体。作为实体形式的首要实体，虽然在数目上为现实的个体，却具有潜在的普遍性。
Abstract：Aristotle's discussion of substance is found primarily in the Categories and Metaphysics Ζ. Although the accounts in these two works differ, they remain continuous in spirit. In the Categories, the primary substance is the particular as the ultimate subject; whereas in Metaphysics Ζ, it is the form as the essence of a thing. In the Categories, Aristotle identifies particulars as primary substances based on two criteria-subjecthood and independence. While in Metaphysics Ζ he no longer treats particulars as primary substances, he retains these two criteria, though giving them new interpretations. On this basis, he identifies substantial form as primary substance. As such, the substantial form is numerically individual in actuality, yet potentially universal.
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① 本文所引亚里士多德《形而上学》《范畴篇》《论题篇》的原文，都由作者根据“牛津古典文本(OCT)”的古希腊文校勘本自行译出。
基本信息:
DOI：10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2025.12.013
中图分类号:N02;B502.233
引用信息:
[1]李文琪.《范畴篇》与《形而上学》Ζ卷中首要实体标准的承续[J].自然辩证法研究,2025,41(12):17-24.DOI:10.19484/j.cnki.1000-8934.2025.12.013.
基金信息:
黑龙江省高等学校基本科研业务费项目“亚里士多德形而上学在俄罗斯的传承和发展”(2024-KYYWF-0058)
2025-12-18
2025-12-18